"Citation"

Definition:
A written reference/description unique to an individual work. Primary elements of a citation include the name of the author, the title, the place of publication, the publisher's name, the date of publication, and a journal or chapter title, designation of the location, page number, or Web page of a reference.

Joint Authors

Definition:
The collaborating creators of a single copyrightable work who merge their separate contributions to the work. Joint authorship implies joint ownership of copyright in the work created.

Deceased Inventor

Definition:
A named inventor who has died prior to the filing of a patent application or during the prosecution of a patent application.

Bio-sequence Listings

Definition:
A document that must be included only if a nucleotide or amino acid sequence is part of the invention. With EFS, paper documents are not required for bio-sequence or subsequent bio-sequence submissions.

Patent

Definition:
In the United States, a grant by the federal government to an inventor of the right to exclude others from making, using, or selling the invention. There are three very different kinds of patents in the United States: a utility patent on the functional aspects of products and processes; a design patent on the ornamental design of useful objects; and a plant patent on a new variety of living plant. Patents do not protect "ideas," only structures and methods that apply technological concepts. In return for receiving the right to exclude others from a precisely defined scope of technology, industrial design, or plant variety, which is the gist of a patent, the inventor must fully disclose the details of the invention to the public.

Non-final Office Action

Definition:
An Office action letter that raises new issues and usually is the first phase of the examination process. An examining attorney will issue a non-final Office action after reviewing the application for the first time. If a new issue arises after the applicant responds to the first non-final Office action, the examining attorney will issue another non-final Office action that sets forth the new issue(s) and continues any that remain outstanding.

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